Arcturus
Norway · formed 1990 · last active 2022
Arcturus is a Norwegian avant-garde metal band formed in 1991 by keyboardist Steinar Sverd Johnsen and Mayhem drummer Jan Axel 'Hellhammer' Blomberg, evolving from the symphonic black metal of Aspera Hiems Symfonia (1996) into the theatrical, cabaret-inflected avant-garde of La Masquerade Infernale (1997). Their sound fuses classical instrumentation, spaced-out electronic samples and semi-operatic vocals with a black metal backbone. The band drew personnel from the core of the early-1990s Norwegian black metal scene, including Ulver founder Kristoffer 'Garm' Rygg, who fronted the group from 1993 to 2003.
SCORE PROFILE
Accent numbers counted towards the index. Hover an axis — or hold it on a phone — for what it means.
WHY THOSE SCORES
- Black 6 — Rooted in symphonic black metal on the debut Aspera Hiems Symfonia (1996); lineup drawn from Mayhem, Ulver and Borknagar. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcturus_(band)
- Technical 3 — Progressive, virtuosic arrangements with keyboard-led complexity and guest shred guitar across The Sham Mirrors and Arcturian. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcturus_(band)
- Theatrical 7 — La Masquerade Infernale (1997) is a cabaret/vaudeville concept album with semi-operatic theatrical vocals and circus-like arrangements. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Masquerade_Infernale
- Ambient 4 — Spaced-out electronic samples and cosmic ambient synth atmospheres are central to La Masquerade Infernale and The Sham Mirrors. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Masquerade_Infernale
MEMBERS
- Steinar Sverd Johnsenkeyboards, guitars
- Jan Axel "Hellhammer" Blombergdrums· also in Shining (Sweden)
- Hugh "Skoll" Mingaybass
- Knut Magne Valleguitars
- Simen "ICS Vortex" Hestnæsvocals
- Kristoffer "Garm" Ryggvocals (1993–2003)
CONNECTIONS
- Age of Silencepath →
Hellhammer co-founded Arcturus in 1987 (originally as Mortem) and remains associated with the band; he also drums for Age of Silence. source ↗
- Mayhempath →
Jan Axel 'Hellhammer' Blomberg drums in both Arcturus and Mayhem. source ↗
- Shining (Sweden)path →
Jan Axel "Hellhammer" Blomberg, co-founder and drummer of Arcturus, also drummed for Shining 2001-2004. source ↗
- Ulver (black metal era)path →
Kristoffer 'Garm' Rygg, Ulver's founder and vocalist, was Arcturus's vocalist 1993–2003 (incl. La Masquerade Infernale). source ↗
- Aenaonpath →
Both bands' cover art/illustration work was done by freelance artist Costin Chioreanu (Twilight13Media, Discogs artist id 1821476): Aenaon - "A Parallel Zoetrope" (2011, Graphics) and Arcturus - "Arcturian" (2015, Artwork By, Layout). Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Chioreanu is not an atlas band member so there is no anchor band. One representative Discogs credit cited; the companion credit is logged in research/edge-taxonomy-ledger.json. source ↗
- Alfa Obscurapath →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen and Kim Sølve, Oslo): Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design, Photography By [www.trineogkim.no]) and Alfa Obscura's "Plutonian Shores" (2011, Design, Photography By), same Discogs artist entity (id 1912469) on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Dødheimsgardpath →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen + Kim Sølve, Oslo design duo, Discogs artist id 1912469): Dødheimsgard's "Supervillain Outcast" (2007, Artwork, Design) and Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design), same Discogs artist id confirmed on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band member so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Ephel Duathpath →
Both bands' cover art/design/photography work was done by freelance artist Kim Sølve (Discogs artist id 340792, distinct from the 'Trine + Kim Design Studio' duo entity): Arcturus's "The Sham Mirrors" (2002, Design, Photography By [Photos]) and Ephel Duath's "Pain Necessary To Know" (2005, Artwork), same Discogs artist id confirmed on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Kim Sølve is not an atlas band member so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Fleuretypath →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen and Kim Sølve, Oslo): Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design, Photography By [www.trineogkim.no]) and Fleurety's "Ingentes Atque Decorii Vexilliferi Apokalypsis" (2009, Design), same Discogs artist entity (id 1912469) on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Godfleshpath →
Both bands' cover art/design/photography work was done by freelance artist Kim Sølve (Discogs artist id 340792, distinct from the 'Trine + Kim Design Studio' duo entity): Arcturus's "The Sham Mirrors" (2002, Design, Photography By [Photos]) and Godflesh's "Long Live The New Flesh" (2021, Photography By [Band Photo]), same Discogs artist id confirmed on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Kim Sølve is not an atlas band member so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Ihsahnpath →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen and Kim Sølve, Oslo): Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design, Photography By [www.trineogkim.no]) and Ihsahn's "The Adversary" (2006, Design), same Discogs artist entity (id 1912469) on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- In Lingua Mortuapath →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen and Kim Sølve, Oslo; Discogs artist id 1912469): In Lingua Mortua's "Salon Des Refusés" (2022 Repose Records vinyl edition, Cover) and Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design, Photography By). Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Manimalismpath →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen and Kim Sølve, Oslo; Discogs artist id 1912469): Manimalism's "Demo Sessions 1996-1998" (2015, Design, Image Editor) and Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design, Photography By [www.trineogkim.no]). Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Mayhempath →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen and Kim Sølve, Oslo): Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design, Photography By [www.trineogkim.no]) and Mayhem's "Ordo Ad Chao" (2007, Artwork), same Discogs artist entity (id 1912469) on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Oranssi Pazuzupath →
Both bands' cover art/illustration work was done by freelance artist Costin Chioreanu (Twilight13Media, Discogs artist id 1821476): Arcturus - "Arcturian" (2015, Artwork By, Layout) and Oranssi Pazuzu - "Valonielu" (2013, Illustration, Layout). Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Chioreanu is not an atlas band member so there is no anchor band. One representative Discogs credit cited; the companion credit is logged in research/edge-taxonomy-ledger.json. source ↗
- Peccatumpath →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen and Kim Sølve, Oslo): Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design, Photography By [www.trineogkim.no]) and Peccatum's "Lost In Reverie" (2004, Design), same Discogs artist entity (id 1912469) on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Shining (Sweden)path →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen + Kim Sølve, Oslo design duo, Discogs artist id 1912469): Shining (Sweden)'s "Redefining Darkness" (2012, credited to both Kim Sølve [Art Direction] and Trine + Kim Design Studio [Artwork] on the same release) and Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design), same Discogs artist id confirmed on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band member so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Solefaldpath →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen and Kim Sølve, Oslo): Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design, Photography By [www.trineogkim.no]) and Solefald's "Red For Fire - An Icelandic Odyssey Part I" (2005, Design, Photography By), same Discogs artist entity (id 1912469) on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Sturmgeistsatellitepath →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen and Kim Sølve, Oslo): Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design, Photography By [www.trineogkim.no]) and Sturmgeist's "Manifesto Futurista" (2009, Cover, Design), same Discogs artist entity (id 1912469) on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Terra Tenebrosapath →
Both bands' cover art/illustration work was done by freelance artist Costin Chioreanu (Twilight13Media, Discogs artist id 1821476): Arcturus - "Arcturian" (2015, Artwork By, Layout) and Terra Tenebrosa - "The Disfigurement Bowl / Serpent Me" split (2014, Design). Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Chioreanu is not an atlas band member so there is no anchor band. One representative Discogs credit cited; the companion credit is logged in research/edge-taxonomy-ledger.json. source ↗
- The Kovenantpath →
Both bands' cover art/design/photography work was done by freelance artist Kim Sølve (Discogs artist id 340792, distinct from the 'Trine + Kim Design Studio' duo entity): Arcturus's "The Sham Mirrors" (2002, Design, Photography By [Photos]) and The Kovenant's "In Times Before The Light 1995" (2005, Design, Illustration), same Discogs artist id confirmed on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Kim Sølve is not an atlas band member so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Tormentorpath →
Both bands' cover art/illustration work was done by freelance artist Costin Chioreanu (Twilight13Media, Discogs artist id 1821476): Arcturus - "Arcturian" (2015, Artwork By, Layout) and Tormentor - "Anno Daemoni" (2019, Cover [Inner]). Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Chioreanu is not an atlas band member so there is no anchor band. One representative Discogs credit cited; the companion credit is logged in research/edge-taxonomy-ledger.json. source ↗
- Ulver (electronic era)path →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen and Kim Sølve, Oslo): Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design, Photography By [www.trineogkim.no]) and Ulver (electronic era)'s "Svidd Neger (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)" (2003, Cover), same Discogs artist entity (id 1912469) on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Ved Buens Ende.....path →
Both bands' cover art/design/photography work was done by freelance artist Kim Sølve (Discogs artist id 340792, distinct from the 'Trine + Kim Design Studio' duo entity): Arcturus's "The Sham Mirrors" (2002, Design, Photography By [Photos]) and Ved Buens Ende's "Written In Waters" (2003, Photography By, Artwork, Design), same Discogs artist id confirmed on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Kim Sølve is not an atlas band member so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Viruspath →
Both bands' cover art/design/photography work was done by freelance artist Kim Sølve (Discogs artist id 340792, distinct from the 'Trine + Kim Design Studio' duo entity): Arcturus's "The Sham Mirrors" (2002, Design, Photography By [Photos]) and Virus's "Carheart" (2003, Design, Illustration), same Discogs artist id confirmed on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Kim Sølve is not an atlas band member so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Yureipath →
Both bands' cover art/design work was done by Trine + Kim Design Studio (Trine Paulsen and Kim Sølve, Oslo): Arcturus's "Sideshow Symphonies" (2005, Design, Photography By [www.trineogkim.no]) and Yurei's "Night Vision" (2012, Design), same Discogs artist entity (id 1912469) on both releases. Pairwise artwork tie per the 2026-08-07 ruling (PROTOCOL rule 7) — Trine + Kim Design Studio is not an atlas band so there is no anchor band. source ↗
- Age of Silencepath →
Shared label roster: Candlelight Records, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Alcestpath →
Shared label roster: Prophecy Productions, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Atroxpath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Blut aus Nordpath →
Shared label roster: Back on Black, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Carnival in Coalpath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Choronzonpath →
Shared label roster: Nocturnal Art Productions, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Dark Angelsatellitepath →
Shared label roster: Back on Black, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Deathpath →
Shared label roster: Back on Black, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Deathspell Omegapath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Devin Townsend (ambient era)path →
Shared label roster: Back on Black, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Devin Townsend (maximalist era)path →
Shared label roster: Back on Black, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Dillinger Escape Planpath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Dødheimsgardpath →
Shared label roster: Century Black, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Emptinesspath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Fear Factorypath →
Shared label roster: Candlelight Records USA, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Fleuretypath →
Shared label roster: Candlelight Records USA, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Godfleshpath →
Shared label roster: Music for Nations, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Gonin-Ish (五人一首)path →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Gorgutssatellitepath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Hengetpath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Ihsahnpath →
Shared label roster: Candlelight Records USA, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- In the Woods...path →
Shared label roster: Kyrck Productions, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Jarboepath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Killing Jokepath →
Shared label roster: Candlelight Records USA, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Macabrepath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Manimalismpath →
Shared label roster: Kyrck Productions, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Mayhempath →
Shared label roster: Voices of Wonder, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Neurosispath →
Shared label roster: Music for Nations, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Nightmarersatellitepath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Old Man's Childpath →
Shared label roster: Century Black, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Opethpath →
Shared label roster: Displeased Records, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Overmarspath →
Shared label roster: Candlelight Records USA, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Oxiplegatzpath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Öxxö Xööxpath →
Shared label roster: Blood Music, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Psykuppath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Ram-Zetpath →
Shared label roster: Candlelight Records USA, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Shining (Sweden)path →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Sighpath →
Shared label roster: Candlelight Records USA, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Solefaldpath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Sólstafir (post-rock era)path →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Sólstafir (viking/black era)path →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Starkweathersatellitepath →
Shared label roster: Candlelight Records USA, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Sturmgeistsatellitepath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Sunn O)))path →
Shared label roster: Jester Records, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Testamentpath →
Shared label roster: Music for Nations, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- The Earls of Marspath →
Shared label roster: Candlelight Records USA, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Thy Catafalquepath →
Shared label roster: Season of Mist, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Toolpath →
Shared label roster: Music for Nations, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Tormentorpath →
Shared label roster: Nocturnal Art Productions, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Ulver (black metal era)path →
Shared label roster: Jester Records, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Ulver (electronic era)path →
Shared label roster: Jester Records, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Ved Buens Ende.....path →
Shared label roster: Ancient Lore Creations, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Viruspath →
Shared label roster: Jester Records, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
- Void (UK)path →
Shared label roster: Nocturnal Art Productions, per MusicBrainz. source ↗
FURTHER LISTENING
Nearest score profiles in the atlas.
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- UnaffiliatedEI 11EscarreBlackTheatricalTechnical
A Montreal avant-garde black metal trio whose 2015 album 'Une voûte sans clef' has been described by reviewers as a terrifying, exhilarating merger of black metal and circus music — cinematic, synth-layered black metal that lurches between harsh blast passages and eerie, carnivalesque calm. Roots trace back to the black metal project Esker before the 2015 rename.
- UnaffiliatedEI 16Osculum SerpentisBlackTheatricalAmbient
Osculum Serpentis ('Kiss of the Serpent') is a French one-man raw/vampiric black metal project from Paris, formed in 2022 by Maxime Taccardi under the alias Vipera, who handles all guitars, bass, synth, drums, and vocals. In roughly two years the project released a striking run of material — Maleficia (2023), The Curse of the Vampyre (2023), Miseria (2024), Satanā (2024, Giin Productions), Vampyre Lord (2024), and The Streams of Sorrow (2025) — steeped in the primitivist Légions Noires lineage but pushed toward theatrical excess: Vipera deploys 'a multitude of demonic voices' compared to Attila Csihar's ceremonial delivery, layered over dark-ambient, cinematic textures amid the raw riffing. Reviewers have called it 'sheer diabolic Black Metal extravaganza,' an 'epic, even flamboyant' take on vampiric/occult raw black metal.
- UnaffiliatedEI 11EbonylakeTheatricalBlackTechnical
Ebonylake are a UK avant-garde gothic/black/death metal band from Ossett, West Yorkshire, formed in 1997 by vocalist/guitarist/keyboardist Ophelius and drummer Sighmon W. Their 1999 debut On the Eve of the Grimly Inventive (Cacophonous Records) fused technical black metal with avant-garde classical influences (Penderecki, Prokofiev) and horror-film scoring. The band went dormant after 2000, reunited around 2009, and released a second album, In Swathes of Brooding Light, in 2011/2012.
- Blackgaze / avant-blackEI 15Angst SkvadronBlackTheatricalAmbient
Angst Skvadron was a Norwegian avant-garde/post-black metal project formed in 2008 by Trond Bråthen (Trondr Nefas, also of Urgehal, Kvist, and In Lingua Mortua), fusing early-90s black metal with 70s progressive rock around a recurring alien-invasion concept. Core collaborator Lars Fredrik Frøislie (drums, keyboards, mellotron, minimoog) helped build the project's spacey, synth-laden atmosphere across the Flukt (2008) and Sweet Poison (2010) full-lengths on Agonia Records, with Octavia Marina Petru contributing vocals, Tibetan singing bowls, and vocoder. Bråthen died in 2012, and the project's status is listed as split-up.
- UnaffiliatedEI 16The WickedTheatricalBlackAmbient
The Wicked was a short-lived (1999-c.2005) Finnish melodic black/industrial/avant-garde metal act from Uusimaa, released on Spikefarm Records, built around Necrotron (guitars, keyboards - real name Henri 'Trollhorn' Sorvali, also of Moonsorrow and Finntroll) and vocalist Lucius M.K. Their two albums, ...For Theirs Is the Flesh (2002) and Sonic Scriptures of the End Times (2004), pile industrial beats, voice-over samples, and symphonic/new-age keyboard writing onto a black-metal chassis, drawing comparisons to a metal Danny Elfman scoring a Tim Burton film. It's a genuinely odd, theatrical corner of the late-90s/early-2000s Finnish extreme scene.
- UnaffiliatedEI 14Transcending Bizarre?TheatricalBlackTechnical
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- UnaffiliatedEI 12Morpheus TalesBlackTheatricalTechnical
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- UnaffiliatedEI 16LeukotomyBlackTheatricalAmbient
Leukotomy was a black metal duo from Hanoi, Vietnam, formed in late 2020 and active until 2023. Their sole full-length, 'Eternal Path to Eden' (House of Ygra, March 2023), is a nine-part conceptual 'tragedy' set in a gothic world, blending second-wave black metal aesthetics with avant-garde, noise, and ambient elements to tell a story of vengeance, mental torment, and unrequited love. The album was produced by Imperial Cult (Elcrost), mastered by Nemo Lockeheart, and features spoken-word passages by Sam Tang.
- UnaffiliatedEI 12Favna AbisalTheatricalBlackAmbient
Chilean avant-garde/post-black metal band from the Region Metropolitana (Santiago), formed 2008. Blends post-black metal with industrial elements, melodic post-rock, and operatic Spanish-language vocal delivery reminiscent of Arcturus. Discography includes "Rerum Imaginaria" (2012), "Argonautas", and "La Casa de los Siete Espejos" (2024, inspired by a legendary Valparaiso brothel and Sergio Larrain's photography).